Current Affairs

Etor Gidi is an agro-based traditional festival of the Adi community in Arunachal Pradesh, celebrated in mid-May to mark the start of the farming season. It seeks blessings for prosperity, abundant harvests, health and village well-being. Core ritual involves community repair of field fences; Delong dance is performed at the Dere/Musup (village hall/youth dormitory). Adi (“hill/mountain top”) sub-tribes include Padam, Minyong, Pasi, Shimong and Bori; they follow Kebang village councils. Other festivals: Solung (September) and Aran (March).

NDMA proposed a joint Centre–State heatwave mitigation financing mechanism and supported notifying heatwaves as a national disaster. The 16th Finance Commission recommended notifying heatwaves and lightning and proposed a ₹2 lakh crore corpus for state-level funds (2026–2031), pooling National/State Disaster Mitigation and Response Funds. It is district-led with population-based minima, focusing on long-term cooling (cool roofs, shaded footpaths, water stations). Heat Action Plans cover 23 States, 270 districts and 64 cities (304 incl. under preparation), but NDMA flags uneven, copy-pasted quality and procurement-driven risks.

Research on mosquito attraction highlights carbon dioxide (long-range), heat (close-range) and skin odour cues. Only female mosquitoes bite to obtain blood protein for egg production. Skin microbiota break down skin oils; Aedes aegypti attraction is linked to sebum-breakdown compounds. No scientific basis exists for blood-type preference. Beer consumption within 24 hours makes volunteers 1.35 times more attractive to Anopheles. Aedes spreads dengue, chikungunya, Zika, yellow fever; Anopheles malaria; Culex Japanese encephalitis, lymphatic filariasis.

Coal Gasification Scheme supports National Coal Gasification Mission, 2021 (gasify 100 MT by 2030) by targeting ~75 MT coal/lignite gasification for energy security and import reduction. Coal gasification converts coal to syngas (CO+H2) for urea, methanol, SNG, ammonia. Outlay ₹37,500 crore; incentive up to 20% plant/machinery in 4 milestone-linked instalments; caps: ₹5,000/₹9,000/₹12,000 crore. Coal linkage tenure extended to 30 years (Non-Regulated Sector linkage auction). India has 401 bt coal, 47 bt lignite; benefits include SO2/NOx control, ₹6,300 crore annual revenue, ~50,000 jobs, Atmanirbhar Bharat/Make in India.

An IBM–IndiaAI report says sovereign cloud and sovereign AI are central to India’s AI strategy; AI may add over $500 billion to India’s economy by 2030. Sovereign AI is national capability to design, develop and regulate AI using domestic infrastructure, national data and indigenous workforce; 83% Indian AI startups mainly apply existing models. IndiaAI Mission (2024) provides shared compute, IndiaAI Innovation Centre, indigenous foundational/LLMs and AIKosh (datasets); models include Sarvam AI, Gnani.ai’s Vachana and BharatGen’s Param2 17B, aiding data residency/privacy/consent, cyber resilience, strategic autonomy and localisation.

MeitY launched the IP Catalyst initiative with the Collaborative IP and Innovation Ecosystem (CIPIE) platform to shift India’s electronics and IT IP ecosystem from patent filing to market deployment. Implemented by C-DAC, Pune, it supports research-to-market, technology transfer, licensing, and prototype-to-product; offers IP filing support (including international for startups/MSMEs) and advisory (prior-art, valuation, TRL). CIPIE is a national repository and one-stop portal. India recorded 1,10,375 patent applications in FY2024–25 (44% electronics/IT) and 1,43,729 filings in FY2025–26 (52% electronics/IT growth), aligning with Viksit Bharat 2047 in semiconductors, AI and electronics manufacturing.

National e-Governance Division (NeGD) felicitated Gujarat, Karnataka, Keralam, Nagaland and Rajasthan at the National Consultative Workshop on Strengthening Cybersecurity Frameworks for State Data for large-scale DigiLocker integration. Gujarat onboarded 65% services (1.92 crore citizens); Karnataka 73% e-services, 3 crore electricity records, 2.7 crore accounts; Keralam 117+ services in <7 days, 1.15 crore users; Nagaland (Digital Rising State) 32 services in 1 month via issuer/requestor models; Rajasthan integrated Jan Aadhaar, covering 7.5+ crore citizens. DigiLocker is a secure cloud platform under Digital India, nodal ministry MeitY, implemented by NeGD.

The Global Forest Goals Report, prepared by UN DESA and the UN Forum on Forests (UNFF) Secretariat, assesses progress on six Global Forest Goals for 2030 under the UN Strategic Plan for Forests (2017–2030). UNFF (established 2000) promotes management, conservation and sustainable development of all forests. Forest area fell >40 million ha (2015–2025); drivers include agricultural expansion and fuelwood/charcoal demand. Finance was US$84 billion (2023) vs ~US$300 billion needed annually by 2030; it urges stronger coordination, deforestation-free supply chains and cleaner energy access.

The 10th Indian Ocean Dialogue was organised by the Ministry of External Affairs with the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) Secretariat, focusing on regional cooperation, maritime security and the blue economy. IORA, established in 1997 (formerly Indian Ocean Rim Initiative/IORA for Regional Cooperation), is an intergovernmental body with 23 members and 12 dialogue partners for sustainable growth and freer flow of goods, services and investment. Priority areas include trade, maritime safety and security, fisheries, disaster risk management and blue economy. The Council of Foreign Ministers is the apex annual body; the Secretariat is in Ebène, Mauritius, led by a secretary-general (three-year term).

Jan Suraksha schemes, launched May 2015, complete 11 years of insurance and pension-based social security for underserved sections: PM Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY) and PM Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY), both one-year renewable for bank/post office account holders aged 18–70; PMSBY premium ₹20, cover ₹2 lakh/₹1 lakh (enrolment 58.09 crore); PMJJBY premium ₹436, ₹2 lakh on death (27.43 crore). Atal Pension Yojana (PFRDA-administered) targets unorganised sector, for bank account holders 18–40 (not open to income tax payers), assured ₹1,000–₹5,000 monthly pension after 60; spouse/nominee benefits; contributions monthly/quarterly/half-yearly.

India inaugurated its first functional PM MITRA (Pradhan Mantri Mega Integrated Textile Regional and Apparel) Park at Kakatiya Mega Textile Park, Warangal (Telangana). The ₹1695.54-crore brownfield project has a CETP with Zero Liquid Discharge, workers’ quarters and a 10 MW solar plant; connectivity via NH-163G (Nagpur–Vijayawada). Scheme follows 5F vision, implemented in PPP via SPV, with PLI benefits. Seven parks: TN, KA, MP, TS, UP, MH, GJ. GoI support: 30% (cap ₹200 crore brownfield; ₹500 crore greenfield).

In 2026, the Forest Department will launch a scientific wildlife census in Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary, Almora (Kumaon), Uttarakhand, located atop a Central Himalayan mountain (900–2,500 m) and established in 1988 to conserve broad-leaf oak forests. It will assess species population dynamics, document under-recorded red fox and wild boar, and map movement corridors, especially for leopards, aiding climate-impact monitoring.

Government targets covering 100 lakh ha under micro-irrigation during 2025–26 to 2029–30 under National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA). Launched in 2014–15, NMSA is one of eight missions under NAPCC; since 2022–23 it is subsumed under PM Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana, with Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare as nodal. Key interventions: Rainfed Area Development, Per Drop More Crop (drip/sprinkler), Soil Health Management (Soil Health Card, nutrient mapping) and CCSAMMN platform; supports NDC-linked adaptation, cutting wastage in agriculture (>80% freshwater use) and inputs via fertigation and lower electricity.

Reports said Lavan Island, Iran, faced covert strikes amid regional conflict. Located in the Persian Gulf (Hormozgan Province), ~40 km west of Qeshm, it is ~25 km long and 5 km wide, dubbed “Hidden Pearl” for pearl fishing history. A critical oil export terminal with major refinery, it supports Salman, Resalat and Reshadat fields; Salman (144 km south) feeds crude to Lavan. Near Strait of Hormuz (~20% global crude transit), disruptions raise maritime and supply-chain risks.

Union Health Ministry launched JANANI, an upgraded Reproductive and Child Health portal, for real-time maternal and child healthcare monitoring and longitudinal digital records for women of reproductive age across India. It covers family planning, ANC, delivery preparedness, postnatal and newborn/home-based care, with QR-enabled digital mother-child health cards. It interoperates with ABHA, U-WIN and POSHAN; enables web/mobile self-registration; uses ABHA/Aadhaar/mobile authentication. It has 1.34 crore beneficiaries, 30 lakh pregnant women, 1 lakh biometric verifications, 30 lakh cards, plus risk alerts, due-lists, immunisation reminders and dashboards.

CSIR-Central Road Research Institute (CSIR-CRRI) and Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited were recognised by India Book of Records and Asia Book of Records for using technical textile geocells made from end-of-life plastic in road construction. Demonstration was near Delhi on the DND–Faridabad–KMP Expressway, supported by NHAI, aligning with circular economy goals. Geocells are 3D honeycomb confinement systems improving load-bearing and soil stability. CSIR-CRRI, established in 1952 under the Ministry of Science and Technology, works on highways, bridges and traffic safety.

Ministry of MSME reported record PMEGP performance in the 15th Finance Commission period (Finance Commission: Article 280 constitutional body, set up by President every 5 years). PMEGP (credit-linked Margin Money subsidy) utilised ₹13,554.42 crore, set up 4,03,706 new non-farm micro-enterprises (target 4.02 lakh), generating 36.33 lakh jobs; 80% units rural. Women: ~40% units, 45% subsidy; SC/ST/OBC: 54% beneficiaries. Implemented by KVIC; beneficiary contributes 5–10%, rest bank credit; subsidy—general: 25% rural/15% urban; special: 35% rural/25% urban. Eligibility: 18+; 8th pass for projects >₹10 lakh (manufacturing) or >₹5 lakh (services); only new units; SHGs, societies, trusts eligible.

Hantavirus cases and fatalities were confirmed aboard a cruise ship in the Atlantic, highlighting global infectious disease surveillance. The species reported is Andes virus, a rodent-borne virus spread via aerosolised urine/droppings/saliva; it is the only hantavirus with known human-to-human transmission. It causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome and Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome. Diagnosis: ELISA (IgM) and early RT-PCR. Incubation: 1–8 weeks. No vaccine/specific antivirals; supportive care and rodent control are key.

Researchers from Annamalai University discovered a new plant species, Cyphostemma annamalaii (family Vitaceae; genus Cyphostemma), at Sanjeevi Hill, Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu, aiding biodiversity documentation in the southern Eastern Ghats. Named after Rajah Sir Annamalai Chettiyar, it is a climber of tropical dry forests/open scrub, endemic with restricted distribution. Distinct morphology from allied C. setosum was expert-reviewed in Phytotaxa.

Rare caracal (Caracal caracal; Padang) sighted in Shahgarh, Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) near the India‑Pakistan border, aiding monitoring of India’s northwestern population (~50; >95% decline from habitat loss and retaliatory killings). Found mainly in Rajasthan and Gujarat. Legal status: Wildlife Protection Act 1972, Schedule I; IUCN Least Concern; CITES Asia Appendix I, Africa Appendix II. Conservation tools include camera traps, radio-collaring, Goat Bank compensation and identifying Thar refuge zones.

India and Suriname reviewed bilateral ties at the 9th Joint Commission meeting, adopting a six-point approach covering people-to-people links, Suriname’s development, defence, development partnership projects, trade, tourism, and sharing India’s digital technology and AI expertise. Suriname’s capital is Paramaribo; it lies on South America’s northern coast, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, French Guiana, Brazil and Guyana; major rivers are Courantyne, Suriname and Maroni; climate is tropical; highest peak is Juliana Top (Wilhelmina Mountains).

Bangladesh has sought China’s support for the Teesta project; the Teesta is a transboundary river between India and Bangladesh. It originates from Tso Lhamo Lake (also linked to Pahunri, Khangse glaciers and Chho Lhamo Lake) in North Sikkim, flows through Sikkim and West Bengal, enters Bangladesh and joins the Brahmaputra at Fulchori. Rangit is its main Sikkim tributary. A 2011 draft Teesta water agreement (India 42.5%, Bangladesh 37.5% in dry season) remains stalled due to West Bengal’s objections.

India’s elderly population is projected to reach 347 million (~20%) by 2050, up from 8.6% in 2011, raising geriatric healthcare, financial insecurity and social isolation concerns. Hospital-centric care is inadequate for multi-morbidity; dementia, Alzheimer’s and depression remain underdiagnosed. High out-of-pocket spending pushes poverty; 78% lack pension and 70% are economically dependent. Women are more vulnerable. Key gaps include geriatricians, social security, digital access and rural-urban divide; long-term care and teleconsultation/EHRs under Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission are relevant.