Art & Culture : Indian Art & Architecture

Q 30 / 33

UPSC CSE Prelims 1998

Consider the following:

  1. Tughlaqabad Fort
  2. Lodi Garden
  3. Qutab Minar
  4. Fatehpur Sikri

The correct chronological order in which they were built is:

EXPLANATION

Correct Option

  • Qutab Minar (Item 3): Construction was initiated by Qutb-ud-din Aibak and completed by Iltutmish, primarily between 1206 and 1236 CE. It represents early Indo-Islamic architecture.
  • Tughlaqabad Fort (Item 1): Constructed in 1321 CE by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty. It exemplifies the robust Tughlaq architectural style.
  • Lodi Garden (Item 2): The monuments within Lodi Garden, including tombs of Muhammad Shah and Sikandar Lodi, were built during the Lodi dynasty, spanning approximately 1451 to 1526 CE.
  • Fatehpur Sikri (Item 4): Established as a capital city by Emperor Akbar, with significant construction occurring around 1570 CE. It is a prominent example of Mughal architecture.

The correct chronological order of construction is therefore 3, 1, 2, 4.

Incorrect Options

  • Option 1 (3, 1, 4, 2): This order is incorrect because Fatehpur Sikri (c. 1570 CE) was built after the period of Lodi Garden (1451–1526 CE).
  • Option 3 (1, 3, 2, 4): This order is incorrect because Qutab Minar (1206–1236 CE) predates Tughlaqabad Fort (1321 CE).
  • Option 4 (1, 3, 4, 2): This order is incorrect because Lodi Garden (1451–1526 CE) was constructed before Fatehpur Sikri (c. 1570 CE).
SOURCEIndian Art and Culture by Nitin Singhania, Chapter 10: Indian Architecture