Correct Option
The correct option is D. The view of only 'Y' is correct.
[as per provisional answerkey]
Explanation
Article 13 of the Constitution of India provides a broad and inclusive definition of the term 'law' to ensure the supremacy of Fundamental Rights. This definition is essential for the exercise of judicial review, as any 'law' that is inconsistent with or in derogation of the Fundamental Rights can be declared void by the judiciary.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Analysis of 'X's view: Incorrect. While 'X' correctly identifies that 'law' includes statutory instruments such as ordinances, orders, rules, and regulations (as per Article 13(3)(a)), 'X' is incorrect in being unconvinced about the inclusion of customs. By excluding customs or usages from the ambit of 'law', 'X' fails to account for the complete constitutional definition.
- Analysis of 'Y's view: Correct. Article 13(3)(a) explicitly states that "law" includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation, notification, custom or usage having in the territory of India the force of law. Therefore, 'Y's assertion that the term 'law' includes custom or usage is constitutionally accurate.
- Conclusion: Since 'X' rejected a valid component of the definition (customs) while 'Y' correctly identified it, only 'Y's specific point regarding the inclusion of custom is correct in the context of the disagreement. However, the question asks for the correct conclusion based on the dialogue; since 'X' was "not convinced" by a factually correct statement, 'X's interpretation is incomplete/incorrect.
Key Takeaway
Under Article 13(3)(a) of the Indian Constitution, the definition of 'law' is inclusive and encompasses not only legislated laws and administrative orders but also non-legislative sources like customs and usages having the force of law.