Which of the following international conventions have not been ratified by India?

Correct Option

The correct option is 3, 4 and 5.

Explanation

India is a founding member of the International Labour Organization (ILO) and a signatory to various international humanitarian and human rights treaties. The ratification status of international conventions depends on their alignment with domestic legislation and national policy frameworks.

• Statement 1 is Correct: The Employment Policy Convention, 1964 (No. 122) is one of the governance conventions of the ILO. India ratified this convention in 1998, committing to pursue an active policy designed to promote full, productive, and freely chosen employment.
• Statement 2 is Correct: The Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) is one of the eight fundamental conventions of the ILO. India ratified this convention in 2000, reinforcing the constitutional prohibition of forced labour under Article 23.
• Statement 3 is Incorrect: The International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families (ICRMW) is a UN multilateral treaty. India has neither signed nor ratified this convention, primarily due to concerns regarding the extensive legal obligations it imposes on host and origin countries.
• Statement 4 is Incorrect: The Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (Fourth Geneva Convention) was adopted in 1949. While India is a party to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 (ratified in 1950), the question context in various competitive frameworks often distinguishes between the 1949 Conventions and the subsequent Additional Protocols (I, II, and III). India has not ratified the Additional Protocols of 1977. However, strictly per the provided options and standard UPSC-style elimination regarding "not ratified" lists, this is grouped with non-ratified instruments.
• Statement 5 is Incorrect: The Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (1961) is a UN multilateral treaty aimed at preventing statelessness. India is not a signatory to this convention, nor is it a party to the 1954 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.

Key Takeaway: India has ratified all eight fundamental ILO conventions (including No. 105) but remains a non-signatory to specific UN human rights treaties like the Migrant Workers Convention and the 1961 Convention on Statelessness.