All three statements are correct. Statement I accurately notes that Article 6 of the Paris Agreement is a significant topic in global discussions on climate change and sustainable development. This is because it provides frameworks for international cooperation to achieve climate targets, making it central to both climate policy and sustainable development strategies.
Statement II is correct because Article 6 sets out the principles for carbon markets. Specifically, Article 6.2 enables countries to transfer internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) bilaterally or multilaterally, while Article 6.4 establishes a new centralized mechanism under UN supervision for trading carbon credits.
Statement III is also correct. Article 6.8 explicitly recognizes and promotes non-market approaches to cooperation. These include initiatives like technology transfer, capacity building, and policy coordination, which help countries meet their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) without engaging in carbon trading. Both the market mechanisms (Statement II) and non-market strategies (Statement III) are key components of Article 6, explaining its relevance and frequent discussion (Statement I).
Options (b) and (c) are incorrect because both Statement II and Statement III are factually correct descriptions of Article 6's provisions and both contribute to explaining why Article 6 is frequently discussed (Statement I). Option (d) is incorrect as both Statement II and Statement III are accurate.