Statement-I is correct. Discarded chewing gum is a recognized source of environmental pollution. It contributes to urban litter, adheres persistently to surfaces, and is difficult and costly to remove. Furthermore, its non-biodegradable components contribute to microplastic pollution in ecosystems.
Statement-II is correct. The gum base in many commercially available chewing gums is composed of synthetic polymers, which are essentially plastics. Common examples include polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and polyethylene, similar to materials used in other plastic products.
Statement-II correctly explains Statement-I. The presence of non-biodegradable plastic polymers in chewing gum (Statement-II) is the fundamental reason why it persists in the environment, does not decompose naturally, and thus acts as a source of pollution and microplastic contamination (Statement-I).
Option 2 is incorrect because Statement-II directly provides the scientific basis for why chewing gum causes environmental pollution as described in Statement-I. The plastic content is the primary factor for its non-biodegradable nature and persistence.
Option 3 is incorrect because Statement-II is factually accurate. Modern chewing gums widely utilize synthetic polymers as their gum base, a well-established fact in food science and material composition.
Option 4 is incorrect because Statement-I is correct. The environmental impact of chewing gum litter, including its contribution to waste and microplastic pollution, is a well-documented and global issue.