According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, one-third of food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted globally. Food is lost or wasted throughout the supply chain, from initial agricultural production to final household consumption. The increasing wastage also results in land degradation by about 45%, mainly due to deforestation, in sustainable agricultural practices, and excessive groundwater extraction. The energy spent over wasted food results in about 3.5 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide production every year. Decay also leads to harmful missions of other gases in the atmosphere. Addressing the loss and wastage of food in forms is critical to complete the cycle of food deficiency and food sustainability.
Based on the above passage, the following assumption have been made:
Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?
Assumption 1 is valid. The passage explicitly states that food is lost or wasted "throughout the supply chain, from initial agricultural production to final household consumption." The distribution mechanism constitutes a critical component of this supply chain. Therefore, reimagining and enhancing the effectiveness of the food distribution mechanism is a logical and necessary step to mitigate the reported loss and wastage of food.
Assumption 2 is not supported by the passage. While the passage details the significant environmental and sustainability impacts of food wastage, such as land degradation and 3.5 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide (CO₂) production, it does not assert that reducing food wastage is a "social and moral responsibility of all citizens." This statement introduces a value-based judgment that cannot be directly inferred or assumed from the factual information presented in the passage. The passage focuses on the scale and consequences of the problem, not on assigning specific moral obligations to individuals.
Therefore: