UPSC CSE Prelims 2023

Correct Option

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are synthetic organic compounds primarily developed as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Their applications include:

• Aerosols: HFCs function as propellants in various aerosol products, including deodorants and household sprays.
• Foam agents: They are utilized as blowing agents in the production of foam insulation, packaging materials, and other foam products.
• Fire retardants: Certain HFC compounds are employed in fire suppression systems, particularly in environments where water-based extinguishing agents could cause damage to equipment.

However, HFCs are not typically used in the formulation of lubricants. Lubricants are generally composed of petroleum-based oils, synthetic esters, or other hydrocarbons, not halocarbon compounds like HFCs. Therefore, HFCs are used in three of the four listed applications.

Incorrect Options

Options (a) and (b) are incorrect as they underestimate the actual number of applications where hydrofluorocarbons are used among the given list. Option (d) is incorrect because hydrofluorocarbons are not used in lubricants, making the statement that they are used in all four items inaccurate.