The main threat to maintaining progress in human development comes from the increasingly evident unsustainability of production and consumption patterns. Current production models rely heavily on fossil fuels. We now know that this is unsustainable because the resources are finite. The close link between economic growth and greenhouse gas emissions needs to be severed for human development to become truly sustainable: Some developed countries have begun to alleviate the worst effects by expanding recycling and investing in public transport and infrastructure. But most developing countries are hampered by the high costs and low availability of clean energy sources. Developed countries need to support developing countries' transition to sustainable human development.
Unsustainability in production pattern is due to which of the following?
The passage explicitly identifies two primary factors contributing to the unsustainability of production patterns:
Therefore, both statements 1 and 2 are accurate reflections of the reasons for unsustainability as presented in the passage.
The passage mentions "Expansion of recycling" as an action undertaken by some developed countries to "alleviate the worst effects" of unsustainable patterns. Recycling is presented as a mitigating measure against unsustainability, not a cause of it. Consequently, statement 3 is incorrect in the context of contributing to unsustainability in production patterns.