Correct Option (B)
Explanation
Statement 2 is correct.
- The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. Its primary objective is to provide effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources, thereby reducing the burden of litigation on higher courts. This aligns with its role in providing environmental justice.
- The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. Its functions include promoting cleanliness of streams and wells, improving the quality of air, and preventing, controlling, or abating air and water pollution. These are regulatory, monitoring, and technical functions aimed at environmental quality improvement.
Incorrect Options
Statement 1 is incorrect.
- The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was indeed established by an Act of Parliament, the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010.
- However, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) was not created by an executive order of the Government. It is a statutory body, constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. It derives its powers and functions from both the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. Therefore, the assertion that CPCB was created by an executive order is false.
Since Statement 1 is incorrect and Statement 2 is correct, options that include Statement 1 (1 only, Both 1 and 2) or exclude Statement 2 (Neither 1 nor 2) are incorrect.