D) Neither 1 nor 2
Statement 1 is incorrect. In elections for the Lok Sabha or State Assembly, India employs the 'first-past-the-post' electoral system. Under this system, the candidate who secures the highest number of votes in a constituency is declared elected, irrespective of whether they achieve an absolute majority (50% or more) of the votes polled. There is no constitutional or statutory requirement for a winning candidate to obtain at least 50% of the votes.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The Constitution of India does not specify that the Speaker's post in the Lok Sabha must be held by a member of the majority party and the Deputy Speaker's post by a member of the Opposition. Both the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are elected by the members of the Lok Sabha from amongst themselves. While conventions often dictate that the Speaker comes from the ruling party/coalition and the Deputy Speaker from the opposition, these are parliamentary conventions, not constitutional mandates.