An innovative India will be inclusive as tell as technologically advanced, improving it lives of all Indians. Innovation and R&D can mitigate increases in social inequality and relieve the pressures created by rapid urbanization. The growing divergence in productivity between agriculture and knowledge-intensive manufacturing and services threatens to increase income inequality. By encouraging India's R&D labs and universities to focus on the needs of poor people and by improving the ability of informal firms to absorb knowledge, an innovation and research agenda can counter this effect. Inclusive innovation can lower the costs of goods and services and create income-earning opportunities for the poor people.

Correct Option (C)

The passage explicitly states that inclusive innovation can lower the costs of goods and services and create income-earning opportunities for the poor. It also suggests that an innovation and research agenda can counter the increase in income inequality by focusing on the needs of the poor and improving knowledge absorption by informal firms. These outcomes collectively contribute to the creation of a more egalitarian society by reducing disparities and enhancing access for all.

Incorrect Options:

• Option (A) is incorrect because the passage indicates that innovation and R&D can help mitigate pressures created by rapid urbanization, but it does not assert that this is the exclusive method to reduce rural-to-urban migration. The term 'only way' makes this statement an overgeneralization not supported by the text.
• Option (B) is incorrect because while the passage discusses the threat of increasing income inequality due to the growing divergence in productivity between agriculture and knowledge-intensive sectors within the Indian context, it does not make a universal claim that 'every rapidly growing country needs to minimize' this divergence. The assumption extends beyond the specific scope of the passage.
• Option (D) is incorrect because the passage mentions that innovation and R&D can relieve pressures created by rapid urbanization. It does not establish a causal link stating that rapid urbanization 'only' takes place due to rapid economic growth. This option presents a restrictive condition not supported by the text, which implies multiple factors can contribute to urbanization.