In general, religious traditions, stress our duty to god, or to some universal ethical principle. Our duties to one another derive from these. The religious concept of rights is primarily derived from our relationship to this divinity or principle and' the implication it has on our other relationships. This correspondence between rights and duties is critical to any further understanding of justice. But, for justice to be practiced; virtue, rights and duties cannot remain formal abstractions. They must be grounded in a- community (common unity) bound together by a sense of common union (communion). Even as a personal virtue, this solidarity is essential to the practice and understanding of justice.
With reference to the passage, the following assumptions have been made:
Which of these assumption(s) is/are valid?
Assumption 1 is valid. The passage explicitly states, "Our duties to one another derive from these," referring to religious traditions or universal ethical principles. This indicates that human relationships, particularly in terms of mutual duties, are presented as originating from or being shaped by these religious or ethical frameworks.
Assumption 2 is not valid. The passage states that religious traditions stress duty "to god, or to some universal ethical principle." This phrasing offers an alternative source for being duty-bound, implying that adherence to universal ethical principles can also lead to individuals being duty-bound, not solely belief in God. Therefore, the passage does not support the exclusivity implied by "only if they believe in god."
Assumption 3 is not valid. The passage suggests that the correspondence between rights and duties, which can be derived from religious traditions, is "critical to any further understanding of justice." However, it then emphasizes that for justice to be practiced, it must be "grounded in a- community (common unity) bound together by a sense of common union (communion)" and that "solidarity is essential to the practice and understanding of justice." While religious traditions provide a framework for understanding rights and duties within the passage's context, the text attributes the "essential" requirement for the practice and understanding of justice to community and solidarity, not exclusively to religious traditions themselves. The assumption incorrectly states that religious traditions are essential for the practice and understanding of justice.