Environment & Ecology : Conservation Efforts: Institutional & Programmatic
| Terms sometimes seen in the news | Their origin |
|---|---|
| 1. Annex-I Countries | Cartagena Protocol |
| 2. Certified Emissions Reductions | Nagoya Protocol |
| 3. Clean Development Mechanism | Kyoto Protocol |
Pair 3 is correctly matched. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of the three flexibility mechanisms established under the Kyoto Protocol. It allows Annex I Parties (developed countries and economies in transition) to implement emission-reduction projects in developing countries (Non-Annex I Parties) and earn Certified Emission Reductions (CERs). These CERs can then be used by Annex I Parties to meet a part of their emission reduction targets under the Protocol.
Pair 1 is incorrectly matched. Annex-I Countries are a classification under the Kyoto Protocol, not the Cartagena Protocol. These countries, primarily industrialized nations and economies in transition, have binding targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is an international agreement related to the Convention on Biological Diversity, aiming to ensure the safe handling, transport, and use of living modified organisms (LMOs) resulting from modern biotechnology.
Pair 2 is incorrectly matched. Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs) are generated under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol, as explained above. The Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization (ABS) is a supplementary agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity. It provides a transparent legal framework for the effective implementation of one of the three objectives of the CBD: the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources.