Correct Option (A):
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Gulf of Kachchh, and Gulf of Mannar are significant regions in India known for the presence of coral reefs.
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands: These islands are surrounded by extensive fringing coral reefs.
- Gulf of Kachchh: This region features both fringing and platform reefs. It also hosts India's first Marine National Park, established to protect its diverse marine life, including corals.
- Gulf of Mannar: Located between India and Sri Lanka, this area is rich in coral reefs and marine biodiversity. It is designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Incorrect Options:
The Sunderbans (Statement 4) does not possess coral reefs. It is predominantly a deltaic mangrove ecosystem characterized by high sediment load, freshwater influx from the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system, and fluctuating salinity, conditions unsuitable for coral growth.
- Option B is incorrect as it includes Sunderbans (4) which lacks coral reefs.
- Option C is incorrect as it omits the Gulf of Kachchh (2), a prominent coral reef region.
- Option D is incorrect as it includes Sunderbans (4), where coral reefs are absent.