In the Constitution of India, promotion of international peace and security is included in the

The correct option is (b).

Explanation

The Constitution of India outlines various principles and duties for the state and its citizens. The promotion of international peace and security is a directive principle guiding the state's policy.

Statement-wise Analysis

• Option (a) Preamble to the Constitution: The Preamble sets out the objectives of the Constitution, such as justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. While it reflects the spirit of peace, it does not explicitly mention the promotion of international peace and security as a directive.
• Option (b) Directive Principles of State Policy: This is Correct. Article 51 of the Constitution, which falls under Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy), explicitly states that the State shall endeavour to:
  1. promote international peace and security;
  2. maintain just and honourable relations between nations;
  3. foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised peoples with one another; and
  4. encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
  5. Option (c) Fundamental Duties: Fundamental Duties (Article 51A, Part IVA) are obligations for citizens, such as upholding the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India, and promoting harmony. They do not include the promotion of international peace and security.
  6. Option (d) Ninth Schedule: The Ninth Schedule was added by the 1st Amendment (1951) to protect certain laws from judicial review. It deals with acts and regulations, primarily related to land reforms, and has no direct connection with international peace and security.

Key Takeaway

Article 51, under the Directive Principles of State Policy, mandates the State to promote international peace and security.