Correct Option (d):
Statement 1 is incorrect. As per Article 368 of the Constitution of India, a Bill for the amendment of the Constitution can be initiated by the introduction of a bill in either House of Parliament, i.e., the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha. It does not require prior recommendation of the President.
Statement 2 is incorrect. If an amendment seeks to make changes in the federal character of the Constitution, it requires ratification by the legislatures of not less than one-half of the States. The Constitution does not mandate ratification by the legislatures of all the States of India.
Incorrect Options:
Option (a) is incorrect because an amendment bill can be introduced in either House of Parliament, not exclusively in the Lok Sabha.
Option (b) is incorrect because amendments affecting the federal structure require ratification by at least half of the state legislatures, not all states.
Option (c) is incorrect as both statements 1 and 2 are factually incorrect.