With reference to Dhrupad, one of the major traditions of India that has been kept alive for centuries, which of the following statements are correct?

Correct Option (B)

Statement 2 is correct. Dhrupad is fundamentally a devotional and spiritual form of music. Its compositions often revolve around themes of praise for deities, philosophical concepts, and spiritual contemplation. Historically, it was performed in temples and later patronized in royal courts.

Statement 3 is correct. The Alap, the introductory improvisational section of Dhrupad, characteristically employs a systematic expansion of the raga using a combination of abstract syllables (nom-tom) and sometimes Sanskrit syllables derived from Vedic mantras. This helps in establishing the melodic framework and mood of the raga.

Incorrect Options:

Statement 1 is incorrect. Dhrupad's origins trace back to ancient and medieval India, evolving from earlier forms of devotional music like Prabandha. While it flourished and was patronized in various courts, including Rajput kingdoms, during the Mughal era, its genesis predates this period. Its roots are deeply embedded in temple traditions of northern India.