Today’s developing economic use much less energy per capita than developed countries such as the United States did at similar incomes, showing the potential for lower-carbon growth. Adaptation and mitigation need to be integrated into a climate-smart development strategy that increases resilience, reduces the threat of further global warming, and improves development outcomes. Adaptation and mitigation measures can advance development, and prosperity can raise incomes and foster better institutions. A healthier population living in better-built houses and with access to bank loans and social security is better equipped to deal with a changing climate and its consequences. Advancing robust, resilient development policies that’ promote adaptation is needed today because changes, in the climate, already begun, will increase even in the short term.
Which of the following conditions of growth can add to vulnerability?
Statement 1 is correct. The passage emphasizes that unsustainable practices, such as the excessive exploitation of mineral resources and forests, contribute to ecological degradation. This degradation diminishes natural capital and ecosystem services, thereby increasing the vulnerability of communities and economies to the impacts of a changing climate. Such growth patterns undermine the resilience necessary for effective adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Statements 2, 3, and 4 do not represent conditions that add to vulnerability according to the provided text.
Statement 2 suggests that growth bringing about a change in humankind’s creative potential adds to vulnerability. The passage does not establish any link between changes in creative potential and increased vulnerability; its focus is on environmental and socio-economic factors.
Statement 3 posits that growth envisaged only for providing houses and social security adds to vulnerability. Conversely, the passage explicitly states that "A healthier population living in better-built houses and with access to bank loans and social security is better equipped to deal with a changing climate and its consequences." This indicates that such provisions enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability, rather than increasing it.
Statement 4 claims that growth occurring due to emphasis on farming only adds to vulnerability. The passage does not discuss an exclusive emphasis on farming as a factor that universally increases vulnerability. While specific agricultural practices might increase vulnerability, the general statement "emphasis on farming only" is not presented as a condition that adds to vulnerability within the context of the passage.