Correct Option (B)
Botanical Gardens represent an ex-situ method of conservation. In this approach, plants are cultivated, maintained, and studied outside their natural habitats, often in controlled environments. This contrasts with in-situ conservation, which focuses on protecting species within their native ecosystems.
Incorrect Options
Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, and Wildlife Sanctuaries are all examples of in-situ conservation methods.
- Biosphere Reserves: These are internationally recognized protected areas designed to reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with sustainable use. They encompass multiple zones (core, buffer, transition) to facilitate in-situ conservation, research, and sustainable development.
- National Parks: These are strictly protected areas established for the conservation of wildlife and natural scenery. Human activities like grazing or forestry are generally prohibited, ensuring the in-situ protection of flora and fauna.
- Wildlife Sanctuaries: These areas are designated for the protection of specific species or a general range of wildlife. While offering in-situ conservation, they generally allow for certain human activities, such as regulated tourism or collection of minor forest produce, which are restricted in National Parks.